Installation system code calls phpbb\install\installer->run() method, which tries to get cache.driver service, which in its turn depends on @config service (phpbb\config\db) whose constructor in its turn sends SQL queries to phpbb_config table while it's not created at this point.
That produces SQL error during installation like

Table 'phpbb_config' doesn't exist

For PHP versions up to and including PHP 8.0 the error is not reported due to default mysqli error mode being set to MYSQLI_REPORT_OFF.